Permitted preparations

The analysis of specialized literature allowed the author to propose a number of the pharmacological preparations (permitted to the application), which frequently are encountered in the sport practice ("basic medicinal substances of the metabolic type of actions, used in sport medicine", y98e;GrayevskayaN.D., 1987,; Morozov EXPLOSIVES, Chaplin V.ya., 1989; Dubrovskiy V.I., 1991). Given preparations are directed toward restorations and increases in the fitness for work of athlete.

The most common and passed practical approval multivitamins are given below.

• Askorutin - adapts with the physical loads on the endurance on 1 tablet of 3 times in the day.
• Aerovit - adapts for preventive purposes from 1 to 3 tablets during the day during 20-30 days depending on intensity and duration of training loads. As a rule, with the method of Aerovit the designations of other vitamin preparations does not be required.
• It glutamevit - it adapts with the large physical loads, with the training in srednegor'e, under the conditions of hot climate - on 1 tablet of 3 times in the day.
• Dekamevit- it adapts with the large physical (in the intensity) loads, the disorders of sleep, the neuroses - on 1 tablet of 3 times in the day during 20-30 days.
• The complex of vitamins v adapts under the conditions of hot climate, with the high sweating and the vitamin insufficiency - on 1 ampule or on 1 tablet of 2 times in the day.
• Polivitapleks - it adapts with the tiredness and the overstrain, the preventive maintenance of vitamin insufficiency - on 1 lozenge of 3-4 times in the day.
• Supradin - is used for accelerating the reduction processes, in the period of the stressed physical loads, for accelerating the adaptation to the extreme factors of environment, for increasing the resistance of organism, the stimulation of physical and mental fitness for work - on 1 capsule of 2 times in the day after food. Course from 3 to 4 weeks in the training period, in the competing period - 2-3 days.
• It tetravit - it adapts after intensive physical loads, with the training in the hot climate - on 1 tablet of 2-3 times in the day.
• It undevit - adapt with the high-speed- power loads 2 lozenges of 2 times in the day during 10 days, then on 1 lozenge during the day during 20 days; with the loads on the endurance - on 2 lozenges of 2 times in the day (course of 15 days).
• Folic acid - it adapts with the vitamin insufficiency and with the high physical and psychoemotional loads and the trainings in srednegor'e - 0,5 mg is above in a 24 hour period.

Group of vitamins.

Among the pharmacological means of restoration and increase in the sport fitness for work and preventive maintenance of overstrain the vitamins occupy special position (table 93).

Table 93. Daily need for the vitamins for the athletes (Dubrovskiy V.I., 1991; Seyfulla R.D., 1999)

• Ascorbic acid (vitamin s) - adapts for stimulating of oxidation processes, increase in endurance and restoration of fitness for work. It should be used in particular in winter and with early spring. Dosage - 0,5 g of 3 times in the day.
• Calcium pangamate - (vitamin Bis) - for accelerating the restoration of fitness for work after large physical loads with the expressed oxygen debts, with the phenomena of the overvoltage of myocardium, painful hepatic syndrome, during the trainings in srednegor'e - on Iso-200 mg during the day 4-6 days prior to competitions and the subsequent days of a stay in srednegor'e.
• Moristerol - it adapts for normalizing of lipid exchange, stabilization of cellular membranes - 1 capsule of 2 times in the day during 15-20 days.
• Nicotinic acid - it adapts for preventive purposes in the periods of large physical and mental loads - on 0,025-0,05 g during the day, frequently in combination with the pantothenate of calcium and the lipoic acid. For accelerating of reduction processes and therapy of overvoltage - to 0,1-0,15 g pass.
• Pyridoxal phosphate - adapts for treating the states of overvoltage in athletes, and also with the chronic hepatite, the injuries of peripheral nervous system and as the preventive means with the vestibhlo- sensory disturbances - along 1 tablet of 3 times in the day after food.
• Pyridoxine - it adapts for guaranteeing the increased need for vitamin Be with the physical and mental load - on 0,005-0,01 g in a 24 hour period, with the state of overvoltage - to 0,05 g in a 24 hour period.
• Riboflavin - adapts in the periods of physical and mental loads at the doses of 0,002-0,01 g during the day, reducing period, with the therapy of the states of overvoltage and anemia - to 0,02-0,03 g during the day.
• Thiamine - adapts for preventive purposes in the periods of intensive physical and mental loads on 0,05-0,01 g during the day.
• Tokoforel acetate (vitamin E) - adapts with the intensive trainings, especially under the conditions of the oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) in srednegor'e and the low temperature - 100-150 mg in a 24 hour period. Duration of course - 5-10 days. With the overtrained condition and the sharp tiredness - on 1st tea spoon 5 or 1- percent oil solution, for the intramuscular introduction - on 1 ampule during Id-15 days.

Antihypoxia means, render positive action on the organism with the development of the oxygen deficiency.

• Bemitil - it contributes the acceleration of restoration and an increase in the fitness for work - on 0,25 g during 2-3 weeks or on 0,5 g during 10 days. The diet, rich in carbohydrates, is recommended during the method of preparation. The maximum effect of bemitila after single method is achieved after 1-2 hours.
• Glutominovaya acid (amino acids) - adapts with trainings of large volume, directed toward the development of general endurance, anaerobic fitness for work, and also preventive maintenance and the correction of state and emotional overvoltage, for accelerating the reduction processes, usually in combination with the vitamin preparations - on 1 g of 2-3 times in the day before the food.
• Gutimin - increases the intensity of glycolysis, economizes the time of the expense of the physical loads of glycogen, limits the accumulation of excess lactate - on 1 -2 tablets after trainings, on 2-3 tablets 1-1,5 h prior to competitions.
• Tsitamak (cytochrome- qitoxrom-s) - is used as the means of restoration, especially with the high lactate, and also - on 1 ampule it is intramuscular prior to the start for the sake of the sport of cyclic nature.

Preparations, which influence energy, metabolic and plastic processes.

The preparations of energy action contribute to the fastest completion of the biological energy spent with the large physical loads, to the restoration of the normal metabolism of cells, activation of the activity of fermentation systems, to an increase in the stability of organism to hypoxia.

The preparations of metabolic action correct exchange of substances and are created conditions for fulfilling the anaerobic and aerobic work. These means are reliable protectors with the overvoltages of myocardium, muscles and other organs.

The preparations of plastic action - increase the content of protein and nuclein acids, they lead to an increase in the muscular mass and force, they contribute to the completion of the scarcity of coenzymes and ferments and play important role in warning of fizicherkogo overvoltage.

• Adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATF) - adapts for treating the states of overvoltage, which are accompanied by the disturbances of heart activity and by reduction in the contracting function - skeletal musculature - on 1 ml 1 % - foot solution during the day they introduce intramuscularly into the first 2-3 days, and during the subsequent days - on 2 ml during the day.
• Aminalon (gammalon- amino acid) - adapts after intensive physical and emotional loads, in particular with the syndrome of the overloading of nervous system - on 0,25-0,5 g of 2-3 times in the day.
• To asparkam - it adapts for the preventive maintenance of overstrain (overvoltage), with sgonke of weight, with the training in the hot climate - on 1-2 tablets of 3 times in the day.
• Glyutominovaya acid - increases the stability of organism to hypoxia, it renders favorable action on the reduction processes with the physical loads, improves the work of heart. With the large physical and mental loads - on the 1st tablet of 2-3 times in the day the field of food (10-15 days).
• Potassium orotate - adapts as preventive means with the large physical loads. Preparation is effective as the means of the stimulation of erythropoiesis with the adaptation to the conditions of srednegor'ya - on 0,25-0,5 g of 2-3 times in the day during 15-40 days 1 hour prior to food or 4 hours after food. If necessary the course of treatment can be repeated the month after the end of the first.
• Calcium glycerophosphate - adapts with intensive training loads, overtrained condition, restoration after large physical loads, overstrain, the exhaustion of nervous system - 0,2-0,5 g of 2-3 times in the day.
• Carnitine - adapts as the means, which accelerates the flow of reduction processes and the increasing fitness for work for the sake of sport, connected with the priority development of endurance. Carnitine increases oxygen- transport function, it increases hemoglobin concentration of the blood, strengthens glyukogenez with the load. Dosage - during the application as anabolic means (in the skorost-but- power forms of sport) is recommended to assign 1,5 g per 70 kg of the weight of the body of 2 times in the day (25-30 days).
• Kobamamid - adapts in the period of intensive and volumetric trainings at the dose of 0,0015 g inward twice during the day (after breakfast and dinner). Daily dose - 0,003 g. the duration of the course of application as anabo-litika - 25-30 days. Repeated course is conducted if necessary in 1,5-2 months. Is expedient the combination of kobamamida with carnitine and preparations of amino acids.
• Lipotserebrin - adapts with the intensive training activity and during the competitions, with the retraining, overstrain, the decline of forces - on 1 tablet of 3 times in the day during 10-15 days.
• Mildronat - it increases fitness for work it decreases the phenomena of overvoltage with the physical overloads - on 0,25 g of 2-4 times in the day or are intravenous 0,5 g of 1 times in the day during 10-14 days. Is shown the effectiveness of application by the athletes of mildronata at the dose of 1 g 3 hours prior to competitions for purposes of an urgent increase in the fitness for work in the exercises, connected with the significant manifestation of endurance.
• Methyluracil - adapts as potassium orotate for increasing in the endurance and fitness for work with the training loads of large volume, as the anabolic means with the therapy of overvoltages - on 1,0-2,0 g of 3 times in the day during or after food.
• Methionine (amino acids) - adapts for the regulation of protein and lipid metabolism, usually in combination with the choline and the vitamin preparations, for treating the states of overvoltage - on 0,5-1,0 g of 2-3 times in the day before the food.
• Nootropil - adapts for removing the tiredness, after shake-ups (in boxers, bobsleistov, drawers and others.) - on 1 capsule zrazy pass - Id-12 days.
• Pikamilon - removes psychoemotional excitability, feeling of fatigue, increases confidence in itself, improves mood, is created the impression of "clear head", the desire to be trained is caused, it possesses antistress action, dilutes prelaunch stress, it accelerates the reduction processes, improves sleep - on 1-2 tablets of 2 times in the day.
• Piracetam (amino acids) - adapts as preventive maintenance and treatment of the overloading of nervous system, for accelerating the reduction processes after volumetric and intensive training loads, for increasing the fitness for work for the sake of sport, connected predominantly with the state of the endurance, in particular high-speed (under the anaerobic conditions), on 2,4-3,6 g during 4-6 days. The duration of course can be increased if necessary.
• Piriditol - decreases the excessive formation of lactic acid, increases the stability of brain tissues to hypoxia - with respect to 0,1-0,3 g after the food of 2-3 times in the day in the course of 1-3 months.
• Riboxin - it adapts similarly fosfadenu it is considered as anabolic means - on 0,2-0,3 g of 2-3 times in the day, frequently in combination with orotate of potassium. Is used 2%- ache the solution in ampules on 10 and 20 ml contents of ampule they introduce 1 time slowly or drop intravenously pass if necessary.
• Safinor - adapts in the period of intensive loads, priutomle- NII $$RTNII - Scientific Research Institute, changes in EKG - on 1 tablet of 3 times in the day (10-15 days).
• Ferro-plexus - it adapts with the intensive trainings - on 2 lozenges of 3 times in the day after food.
• Phytin - adapts for the preventive maintenance of tiredness with the intensive training loads and before the competitions, for accelerating the processes of reduction and correction of the phenomena of the overstrain, in particular, which is accompanied by neurotic symptoms - on 0,25-0,5 g to the method of 3 times in the day during several weeks.
• Fosfaden - it adapts for strengthening of anabolic processes, increase in the endurance and fitness for work in the process of trainings, of accelerating of restoration and strengthening of the phase of giperkomensatsii after intensive loads, warning and treating the overvoltage - on 0,04-0,06 g - one-time dose; 0,12-0,14 g - daily, during 15-30 days. It is possible to carry out repeated courses with the interval of 5-7 days.
• Fosfren - adapts with the overstrain, during the trainings in the mountains - on 1 -2 tablets of 2 times in the day during 2 weeks.
• Tserebro²- lecithin - adapts for accelerating the reduction processes and for the correction of the phenomena of overstrain and overvoltage, especially, that are accompanied by neurotic symptoms. The application of this preparation is considered most expediently with the relatively insufficient entering the food of proteins and it is fatty - on 0,15-0,3 g in a 24 hour period.
• Tsernilton - it adapts with the change of temporary belt - on 2-4 tablets during the day.
• Succinic acid - it improves metabolic processes - on 1 -2 tablets after training occupation.

Tranquilizers and sedative means. With the large physical and neuropsychic stresses in athletes can appear the neurotic states of alarming expectation, ipokhodricheskiye reactions, reactions of the satieties, which require the interference of doctor. Medicine recommends the means, which normalize mental activity ' athlete.

• Amizil - it adapts with the asthenic and neurotic reactions, the syndrome of alarming expectation, uneasiness, the premenstrual stress - on 0.001 g of 2 times in the day during 10-12 days.
• Seduxen (Diazepam) - application in the sport is inexpedient (are reduced the contents of potassium in the plasma of the blood), especially for the sake of the sport, where they drive away weight.
• Tauremizil - it adapts with the mental and physical fatigue, the state of tiredness and the syndrome of overtrained condition - on 5 mg or 30 drops 0,5%- foot of the solution of 3 times pass during 10-15 days.
• Ekdisten - natural compound of the steroid structure (they obtain from the roots of bol'shegolovnika of saflorovidnogo levzei), possesses the toning up action, strengthens processes in the liver, it contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes with the intensive physical loads - on 0,005-0,01 Hz of times pass during 15-20 days.
• Echinopsine nitrate - adapts with the physical and neuropsychic overstrain, the syndrome of overtrained condition, vegetative dystonia, accompanied by headache, to the disorders of sleep - on 10-20 drops of 2 times in the day to the food during 2 weeks.

The importance of the intake of ascorbic acid in training of the highly skilled athletes confirm the results of investigating A. p. vasilyagin (1953). The author proves, that the use of ascorbic acid increases the effectiveness of training process, it contributes to the fastest restoration of forces after trainings, and also accelerates the healing of sport injuries.

With the inspection of the organism of athletes it is revealed, that the smallest daily content of ascorbic acid in marafontsev. The author concludes on the basis of this that the ascorbic acid is most necessary with the work to the endurance. For saturating the organism of athletes by ascorbic acid should be additionally used it during the intensive sport trainings or for the enrichment of food ration by rich in it products. For the runners to the short distances in the winter-spring time it must comprise more than 2,800 mg, and into the the summer-autumn of -1,400 mg; for marafontsev - 4,800-5,000 mg; for the weightlifters - from 2,500 to 4,500 mg with the daily dose even from 200 to 500 mg.

Experimental studies regarding the influence of the pharmacological means of the metabolic directivity of action on the effectiveness of the training process of athletes in the cyclic forms of sport were carry ouied by p. R. Vargashkinym (1988). The following preparations passed practical approval in the training process of athletes: mildronat (natural metabolite, which performs the role of the carrier of the remainders of the fatty acids through the membrane of the mitochondria, where occurs their oxidation), carnitine, and also bemitil.

It is revealed, that the single-time application to mildronatau of the highly skilled cyclists causes an improvement in the indices of aerobic power and high-speed endurance (about 1 g of active material with the single introduction 3 hours prior to load. Preparation was introduced orally in the form of gelatinous capsules on 0,25 g). The conducted investigations made it possible to propose the following recommendations regarding the application of mildronata for purposes of an increase in the effectiveness in the training process in the vysokvalifitsirovannykh cyclists -wosse1nikov. Used it should be during 2-3 micro-cycles of competing period directly before the competitions. With the daily two-time trainings is recommended the daily dose - 0,6-1 g (10 mg on 1 kg of the weight of the body of athlete). Diagram of the method: daily 2 times in the day, first time - 0,5 g of daily dose 2-3 hours prior to basic training occupation, second time - 3-4 hours prior to repeated training occupation.

The systematic application of carnitine in rowers also contributed to an increase in the effectiveness in the training process (according to the same diagram). As far as bemitila is concerned, in cyclists after its application revealed reliable (positive) changes in the indices, which characterize the power and high-speed qualities of the athletes, who remained for a period of month. The method of preparation was achieved employing the following procedure: 0,6 g during the day (By o.Zgutrom even 0,3 g after basic training).

To the study of the application of a creatine in the preparation of runners to the short distances (100 and 200 m) are dedicated experimental studies Of v. i. oleynikov (1989). On the basis of obtained data the author proposes to use a creatine in the year-round training of athlete- sprinters. The application of preparation contributes to an increase in the effectiveness in the fulfillment of the loads of high-speed- power nature, in consequence of which the indices of special physical fitness for work and sport result are improved. The antilogarithmic effect of the application of preparations of creatine most clearly appears in the indices of those quality, toward development of which were directed training means to the period of the method of the preparations of creatine.

The daily dose of creatine is about 5 g to the man. The total quantity of preparations of creatine in the limits of 150-200 g depends on the total number of trainings, carry ouied in the alaktatnom anaerobic regime.

A. g. samborskiy (1991) studied the influence of the method of the preparation of polilaktata on the indices of the fitness for work of athlete- sprinters. Poly-lactate is the polymer of carbohydrate nature with the variable degree of polymerization, which depends on the values of rN of medium. In the acid medium the degree of polymerization of polilaktata increases, and it is capable to connect the specific quantity of generatrix of lactate, rendering thus buffer effect. With reduction in the values of the intracellular of rN, which is observed after the completion of maximum efforts, degree of polymerization polilaktataumen'shayetsya, it becomes the source of the free molecules of lactate, utilized for the synthesis of glycogen. In this case the poly-lactate spsobstvuyet to the more rapid restoration of the intramuscular carbohydrate resources, spent with the work.

The results of a study made it possible to assert that the method of the preparation of polilaktata under the conditions of the stressed muscular activity increases the maximum power of efforts and increase the buffer reserves of organism. To the most noticeable degree these effects appear with the repeated fulfillment of the exercises of maximum power, is not revealed the significant strengthening of glycolysis and is absent the noticeable acidification of the internal medium of organism. In the process of training with the application of preparations of polilaktata occurred a reliable improvement in the indices of the special fitness for work of runners to the short distances. The greatest sensitivity to the application of preparations of polilaktata in the course of training revealed the indices of alaktatnoy anaerobic power and capacity. It was also revealed, that the method of preparation makes it possible to support the high level of glucose in the blood, increases buffer capacity and it contributes to the maintenance of the work with the constant loads assigned to power.

Preparation poly-lactate in studies Of a. g. samborskiy was used in the form of the beverage, prepared on the basis of fruit juice with the addition of slastilina and citric acid from the calculation 200 mg on 1 kg of the weight of body. The beverage, which contains the preparations of polilaktata in the dosage indicated, was prepared "Extempore" and started in a volume of 300 ml 60 min prior to tests.

Medicinal plants render more effective and mild action on the flow of reduction processes and increase in the sport fitness for work. This makes it possible to conduct prolonged treatment in many instances.

The stimulation of fitness for work and reducing reactions with the aid of the plant preparations occurs due to the more economical expense of the energy resources of organism, strengthening of oxidation processes, earlier start of aerobic reactions, intensification of the processes of forming of erythrocytes and transport of oxygen, stimulation of hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal system, strengthening of the processes of synthesis, anabolism, unique renovation of organism (Ivanchenko V.A., 1987). It is customary to assume that stimulators of this type in the larger measure contribute to the making more active of reducing reactions after loads, than to an increase in the physical fitness for work, limited to the development of tiredness.

The application of stimulators of plant origin from the family of the Araliaceae contributes to an increase in the stability of organism to the action of the unfavorable factors of environment, stimulation of energy exchange, increase and restoration of fitness for work.

• Aralia manzhurskaya - increases mental and physical fitness for work, tones up and stimulates CNS and system of blood circulation, have anti-hypoxic and antioxidant action, immunomodulator, stressprotektornoye effect, it contributes to an increase IN ZHEL and muscular force, increases appetite - on 30-40 drops of 2-3 times in the day.
• Ginseng - renders the stimulating, toning up, over-all strengthening action, increases resistance to the stress, physical and mental fitness for work, decreases the tiredness, has an antioxidant and immunosimulating effect, it prevents the development of general weakness and fatigue. The alcohol liqueur of root (10%) assumes on 20-25 drops 2 times a day to the food (in first half of day), powder and tablet - on 0,15 gdo of the food of 2 times pass, the course of 10-15 days.
• Tea-plant high (ekhinopanaks high) - renders the obshchevozbuzhdayushcheye action, tones up nervous system, increases physical fitness for work, render antioxidant influence, immunomodulating action. It should be assumed after interseason (i.e. before the preparatory period and in the state of out-of-training state), with the familiarization with work into the prolonged physical loads - on 30-40 drops of the liqueur of 2 times in the day 15-30 minutes prior to food.
• Gold root (rodiola pink) - increases adaptation to the extreme factors, have a stimulating and toning up effect, increases the volume of dynamic and structural behavior, it accelerates the reduction processes, it increases mental fitness for work, it improves rumor and sight on 5-10 drops 2 time in the day 15-30 minutes prior to food, courses Id-20 of days.
• Levzeya saflorovidnaya (maraliy root) - renders the exciting action on CNS, tones up nervous system, it renders anaboliziruyu-shcheye influence on the muscles, antioxidant and antigipoksantnoye action, increases the synthesis of protein and nuclein acids, it normalizes the function of immune system, prolongs the period of the peak of the increased mental and physical fitness for work - on 15-20 drops with the water 20 min prior to the food of 2 times pass (in first half of day), the course of 2-3 weeks.
• Schisandra Chinese - increases physical fitness for work, activates exchange of substances, tones up CNS, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, increases the stability of organism to oxygen starvation. The warm broth of dry fruits (20 g on 200 ml of water) starts on 1 table spoon of 2 times in the day to the food or through 4 hours after food, alcohol liqueur - on 20-40 drops of 2 times in the day, powders or tablets - on 0,5 g in the morning and in the daytime.
• Eleuterococcus prickly - possesses the expressed stimulating and toning up properties. Under the conditions of high mountain region by the effective dose, which makes it possible to transfer large physical and moral stresses, is the method of eleuterococcus not less than 2-4 ml of extract. They assign after half-hour to the food.
• Echinococcus prickly - accelerates the restoration of athletes, tones up CNS. Extract - on 2 ml in the course of the month each day.

The use of medicinal plants in the sport is not limited to the group of adaptogenov of zhen'shenepodobnogo action. They are recommended and find use in the practice many other medicinal plants (Ivanchenko V.A., 1987). They include the plants:

• the kofeinopodobnogo type of the actions (tea, coffee, cocoa, nut, stake, etc.), which stimulate nervous system;
• the hormonal type of the actions, which contain plant hormones or stimulating functions of endocrine glands (licorice naked and Ural, clover red and creeping, orchis spotty, rowan usual, hop usual, flower pollen so forth.);
• the kardiotonicheskogo and respiratory type of action (maynik bipinnate, the rhododendron Of dtsamsa, sabel'nik marshy and other.);
• the metabolic type of the actions, which influence woven exchange (aloe, sweetbrier, sea buckthorn, black currant, nettle and other.);
• the sedative action, which restore fitness for work via an improvement in the sleep (cyanosis azure, motherwort pyatilopastyy, valerian medicinal, etc.).

The colleagues of the laboratory of the biologically active materials VNIIFK Of r. d. seyfull, L. g. bocharovoy, N. m. popovoy and I. i. kondrat'evoy approved in the sport practice the preparations of elton and leveton, whose components have long ago been used in general and sport medicine for the purpose of the acceleration of restoration and correction of the fitness for work of athletes. Preparations are registered as food additives and are protected by patent (Seyfulla R.D., Ankudinova I.A., 1996). The method of preparations contributed to raising the level of special physical preparedness and sport result, in particular in athletes.

• Leveton - complex of the ecologically clean components, such as flower pollen (bee obnozhka), powder from the roots of levzei, vitamin E, vitamin s in one tablet. The basic action of preparation is an increase in the mental and physical fitness for work, the acceleration of restoration and adaptation to the physical loads in the extreme states, and also its antioxidant effect. It is recommended on 3-4 tablets during the day during 20-30 days, 4 courses per year. The authors recommend to use with the occupations by heavy athletics, atletizmom, by bodibildingom.
• Elton - ecological clean product consisting of the powder of roots eleuterococcus, the vitamin E, the vitamin s, the flower pollen preparation stimulates function CNS, he increases physical and mental fitness for work, aggravates rumor and sight. It is recommended on 3-4 tablets during the day during 20-30 days, 4 courses per year. The last method of preparation not later than 18 is hour, it should not be assumed to the persons with the allergy upon the products of bee-keeping.

Thus, the preparations of leveton and elton present the food additives, which possess the expressed biological effect. Furthermore, in the accredited laboratory of dopingovogo control is carry ouied the analysis of preparations to the absence of psycho-stimulators, narcotics, anabolic steroids and other dopings, and also radioactive inclusions and chemical pollution. They increase the adaptation of man to the extreme factors of environment, and also with the fulfillment of excessive physical loads without the unjustified "chemicalization" (Seyfulla R.D., Ankudinova I.A., Azizov A.P., 1997). Table 94 presents the nedopingovye medicines, utilized in the related forms of sport (Seyfulla R.D., 1999).

Table 94. Use of biologically active materials in the related forms of the sport

One of the promising groups of pharmacological preparations and food products, which contain highly active biological substances are the products of bee-keeping (Morozov EXPLOSIVES, Lukovskaya O.L., of 1989; Seyfulla R.D., 1996). Nature yet does not know so nourishing and biologically active a product, which contains proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, mineral substances, enzymes, hormones, also, because of its high biological activity, energy and medicinal properties capable of influencing the set of the functions of organism. Furthermore, they can serve as outstanding natural adaptogenami, i.e., by the means, which increase the shielding forces of organism, fitness for work and decreasing tiredness with the unfavorable environmental conditions, the presence of stress factors, high emotional and physical loads.

The ability of honey to improve the comprehensibility of nutrients, it is especially fatty and carbohydrates, to exert the toning up influence on the organism, to contribute to the rapid restoration of the physical fitness for work of the functional systems of organism after large physical loads, they make with its one of the most effective means an increase in the fitness for work of athletes in different forms of sport (Morozov EXPLOSIVES, Lukovskaya O.L., 1989).

Water and carbohydrates are the basic components of honey in the percent ratio. Carbohydrates comprise to 99% of the mass of dry matter of honey. It is considered that sugar in copper are more than 35 designations. Among them such as fructose, the glucose, maltose, saccharose, and also many that are rare Saxarov, which are not discovered in other products, are not synthesized in the organism, but they have invariably important significance. Their content and relationship in many respects define the activity of honey as therapeutic and reducing means.

In the composition of honey in minimum quantities are contained such organic acids, as benzoic, valeric, wine, gluconic, lemon, oil, maleic, milk, formic, pyro-glutamic, oxalic, amber, apple, and also some highest fatty acids. In copper are also sulfates, phosphates and chlorides. The general acidity of honey depends on its form and it varies from 0,85 to 4,80 (in cm 1 N of sodium hydroxide, necessary for neutralizing 100 g the honey). There are also protein substances, which consist of albumins, globulins and peptones, and also proteins in a quantity to 1,6%. The amino acids also enter into the composition of honey: arginine, aspartic and glutamic acid, alanine, histidine, glycine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine, leucine, methionine, series, threonine, tryptophan, finilalanin, cystine (in the sum to 20%) and proline (to 80%); vitamins - in, into₂, into₆, k, s, pantothenic, nicotine and folic acids, biotin and much another useful for the organism of athlete.

Honey, being universal product, contributes to the growth of muscular mass. The consumption of honey from 12 to 16 tea spoons during the day contributes to the stabilization of weight. It can be used by the athletes, who are located on the diet with the lowered caloricity: one tea spoon of honey after food causes a feeling of satiety, removes the painful sensation of hunger.

For the purpose of the stimulation of the physical fitness for work of 4. i. ivashkyavichene's athlete- throwers with co-auth., (1988) were conducted the studies, in which the group of athletes during 20 days obtained bee products two times a day (in the morning and in the evening after food): the mixture of honey with the bee-bread in relationship 2:1 on 5 g, uterine milk on 70 g in the form of tablets under the language, flower pollens at 10 g. athletes were trained by 6 once a week on 3 hours during the day with the use of submaximum loads in the preparatory period. The results of a study confirmed the high significance of the products of bee-keeping. Thus, in particular, were improved the physical fitness for work and the physiological parameters (MPK, they were lowered lactate and urea in the blood, it increased hemoglobin). Athletes subjectively felt themselves well.

It should be added to the daily ration of athletes Iso-200 g (N -100 g) of honey and 50-80-100 g of bee pollen, which leads to a good restoration of organism, an increase in the fitness for work.

G. A. Makarov (1999) on the basis of long-term investigations it comes to the opinion that in the practice of sport medicine is necessary the observance of the truly "jewelry technology" of the application of pharmacological preparations, which must consider the finest mechanisms of their action, and the special conditions of the functioning of the leading systems of organism under the conditions of the stressed muscular activity. On the basis of this by the main thing with the pharmacological the guarantee of the stressed muscular activity G. A. Makarov count the following principles:

1. Any pharmacological actions, directed toward the acceleration of the processes of postnagruzochnogo reduction and an increase in the physical fitness for work, are ineffective or minimally effective when, in the athletes, of predpatologicheskikh states and diseases are present, and also in the absence of adequate dosing of training loads, which is been based on the results of current medical- pedagogical control sufficiently reliable in the diagnostic plan.

2. The acceleration of the processes of postnagruzochnogo reduction must be achieved first of all by the creation of optimum conditions (including by using some pharmacological means) for their natural flow.

3. With the designation to the athletes of pharmacological preparations it is necessary to have clear ideas about the chemical composition of the rations of their nourishment, the mechanisms of the action of each of these preparations (including influence on the effectiveness of training process), the side effects and the possible results of the interaction of preparations with each other.

4. With the use of pharmacological preparations for increasing the physical fitness for work of athletes it is necessary to consider the following:

their urgent, set aside and cumulative effect;

the differentiated influence on such parameters of physical fitness for work as efficiency, mobilizuyemost' and realizability;

the degree of effectiveness from the level of qualification, initial functional state of organism, period of training cycle, energy nature of the current training and forthcoming competing loads;

the technology of the use (speech it goes about the doses and the period of receptivity of preparations with respect to the carried out physical loads).

The third position assumes the presence of the clear classification of the pharmacological means, utilized in the chosen sphere of activity.

The fourth position assumes the development of the standardized program of the approval of each means and method of the increase in the physical fitness for work of athlete recommended for purposes.

The classification of pharmacological means proposed in the scientific methods literature includes the following (Karpman V.L., 1987):

• vitamins and coenzymes;
• the preparations of plastic action;
• the preparations of energy action;
• antioxidants;
• adaptogeny;
• gepatoprotektory;
• the stimulators of hemogeny;
• nootropes.

The data analysis classification attests to the fact that it is built according to the type of the first version of particular classifications, i.e., purpose both task one - "acceleration of the reduction processes and increase in the physical fitness for work of athletes", but the group of those utilized for its solution of pharmacological means by the mechanism of action different. This approach, namely the absence of clear subtasks deprives this classification of direct coupling with the training process.

Takeing into account G.A. Makarov outlined above it proposes its preliminary version of a similar classification of pharmacological preparations.

1. Pharmacological preparations, which satisfy for the conditions of the stressed muscular activity the increased needs of organism in the basic food ingredients, i.e., the preparations, utilized with the substitute purpose (vitamins, the preparations of potassium, calcium, magnesium, gland, amino-acid complexes, sugar, the preparations of the irreplaceable unsaturated fatty acids, etc.).

2. Pharmacological preparations, which facilitate the creation of optimum conditions for accelerating the natural processes of postnagruzochnogo reduction:

• by eliminating the factors, which impede the maximum functioning of basic organs and systems of detoxication - the system of elimination of urine, hepatobiliary system and gastrointestinal tract (regid-ratanty, kholekinetiki, sugar, the preparations, which facilitate the elimination of dysbacteriosis of bowels);
• by increasing their functional possibilities (gepatoprotektory).

3. Pharmacological preparations, which artificially accelerate the processes of postnagruzochnogo reduction:

• due to binding and removal of metabolites (sorbents, means improving nephritic blood flow, alkali);
• due to the central regulation of metabolism in the cells (plant adaptogeny, nootropnye preparations).

4. Pharmacological preparations, which facilitate the decrease of formation during the stressed muscular activity of toxic metabolites and reduction in the damaging action of the latter:

• antioxidants;
• antihypoxants.

5. Pharmacological preparations, antilogarithmic training effect by means of:

• the stimulation of protein metabolism (steroid and nonsteroid anabolics);
• retention and the restoration of reserves ATF (substratal antihypoxants, in particular fosfokreatin);

reconstruction of metabolic processes under the effect of the operating time of structural proteins and ferments, which determine the power supply of cloths (antihypoxants, which are been the plastic regulators of exchange, inosine, riboxin).

6. Pharmacological preparations, which impede under the conditions of the stressed muscular activity reduction in the immunity:

• the preparations of plant origin - nucleate of sodium, poly-DAN, etc;
• synthetic preparations of the type of likopida;
• regulator peptide - darargin, etc;
• the preparations of different chemical structure - Dibasol, kurantil, methyluracil, a number of nootropnykh means, etc.

This version of classification, naturally is not deprived the considerable proportion of the conditionality (of course it cannot be spoken about the creation of optimum conditions for the natural acceleration of the processes of postnagruzochnogo reduction in the presence the scarcities of various food ingredients, etc.). However, it makes it possible to sufficient clearly visualize, with what purpose are used these or other preparations, to determine the groups of the means, which during the systematic application can somewhat decrease the effectiveness of training process, isolate the groups of the preparations, against the background of which is possible and even is necessary increase in the volumes of training loads, etc.